How does COVID-19 affect the lungs?

  The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, has significantly affected global society and health care worldwide. While the disease can affect many systems in the body, it has the greatest impact on the respiratory system, particularly the lungs. In this article, we will discuss how COVID-19 affects the lungs.

   Clinical picture of COVID-19

  COVID-19 can cause different symptoms, depending on the severity of the disease. People with a mild form often experience cold-like symptoms, such as cough, runny nose, sore throat and loss of taste or smell. Those with a more severe form of the disease may experience shortness of breath, pain or a feeling of tightness in the chest, and in some cases may require hospitalization or even a ventilator.

   Effects of COVID-19 on the lungs

  The main target of the SARS-CoV-2 attack is airway epithelial cells, leading to an inflammatory process in the lungs. In severe infections, the virus can lead to the development of pneumonia, which is characterized by inflammation of the alveoli, where gas exchange takes place.

  The inflammation can cause fluid to build up in the alveoli, which in turn impedes gas exchange, causing a drop in the amount of oxygen in the blood, which is medically known as hypoxemia. This explains why many people with severe COVID-19 experience shortness of breath and other breathing problems.

   Long-term effects of COVID-19 on the lungs

  Even after recovering from severe COVID-19, some patients may continue to experience lung problems. Called "long COVID," these long-term effects can include chronic shortness of breath, reduced respiratory capacity and permanent lung changes visible on CT scans.

  Scientists are still studying the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the lungs. Preliminary studies suggest that some of these changes may be permanent, especially in patients who required hospitalization or were on a ventilator.

  In summary, COVID-19 can have serious effects on the lungs, leading to inflammation, pneumonia and potentially permanent damage. Research into this new disease is still ongoing, and scientists around the world are working to better understand its impact on the lungs and how best to treat those who are most affected. Remember to take care of your health and take proper precautions to minimize the risk of contracting and spreading COVID-19.